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GIA offers several programs and courses online through an interactive eLearning format, and through its 12 campus locations around the world.

Unusual synthetic gem materials are often the result of experimental crystal growth for industrial applications, including use in the laser industry. World Headquarters and The Robert Mouawad Campus 5345 Armada Drive Carlsbad, California 92008 Tel: 760-603-4200. All rights reserved.







One such experimental synthetic that was produced in a very limited quantity is neodymium pentaphosphate, with the chemical formula of NdP Captivating color.

Nathan Renfro and John I. Koivula

Gems & Gemology is the quarterly scientific journal of the Gemological Institute of America.



Nathan Renfro is manager of colored stones identification, and John I. Koivula is analytical microscopist, at GIA in Carlsbad, California.